At least one hour of daily moderate activity is necessary for mature women a healthy weight and not on a diet. For those who are already overweight, that is, most Americans still need more exercise to avoid gaining weight without eating less, according to the results of the study.

“We must all work on it. If it were easy everyone would be thin as well,” said John Foreyt, an expert in behavioral medicine who reviewed the study but was not involved in its preparation.

A quick walk, bike or golf relaxing are examples of moderate exercise, but do not throw in the towel if you can not perform these activities at least an hour each day, for a little exercise is good for health, even and if not thinned to that practice, according to the researchers.

The study results were based on 34.079 women followed over 50 years for nearly 13 years. The majority were not on a diet to reduce calorie intake. During the study, women gained an average of about 2.72 kilos (six pounds).

Those who started with a healthy weight, ie with a body mass index below 25, and increasing by little or no weight during the study tended to make the equivalent of one hour of daily moderate activity. The issue is that very few women, only 13% were within this category.

Other short and overweight, and made that amount of exercise but the results suggest that this was not enough to prevent weight go up.

The results are similar to what many American women of that age know from their own experience.

“It is extremely frustrating and leaves your mind on the floor,” said Janet Katzin, 61, a marketing director “slightly overweight” from Long Island who exercise an hour twice a week.

Katzin was thin when younger, but the extra pounds began to come when she had two children in the 1980s, despite exercise and watch your diet.

The study is included in the Wednesday edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association. The research involved only women, so researchers from Brigham and Women of Harvard University said they could not say whether they would also be similar in men.

The investigation “clearly strengthens the idea how hard it is to maintain a healthy weight in our society,” said Foreyt, Baylor College of Medicine at Texas.

The study also noted inevitable facts on aging. Men and women tend to gain weight, in part because their metabolisms become slower, but perhaps mostly by the natural tendency of people to become sedentary without changing your eating habits, said Dr. I Min Lee, lead author of study.

Another factor is hormonal changes in menopause women become more prone to gain weight, especially around the abdomen.

Women who do not want to do much physical activity need to reduce calorie intake to avoid gaining weight, but Lee said he must make a reasonable, not extreme dieting doomed to failure.

Despite that the doctor stressed that the benefits of exercise go far beyond what we see in the mirror, because they help maintain a healthy heart and protect against chronic diseases, even if not enough to lose weight.

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Specifically, the study “OPAL” included a total of 867 people in England and Wales aged between 70 and 80 years who were followed up two years to check the quality of their cognitive function. At the start of the all participants a good cognitive health, dividing into two random groups, one of which received capsules for two years with this type of oil. The other group received placebo during the same period. After two years of monitoring found that participants who received these capsules had significantly higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood, compared with the other group.

However, at baseline and two years later, participants performed a series of tests of memory and concentration, the results showed that cognitive function was unchanged in both groups of participants, which shows no evidence that consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is beneficial for cognitive function of older people, as previous studies had shown.

For one of the authors of Dr. Alan Dangour, we must take care in interpreting these results because “it is important to note that poor cognitive function may take many years to develop, and although this is the best test Throughout this type ever undertaken, may not be long enough to detect these beneficial effects. “The number of people with some type of cognitive impairment is increasing and it is estimated that by 2040 there will be more than 81 million people worldwide with dementia, as acknowledged by the authors of the study

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A study of more than 3,600 Australians aged 70 years found that those with low testosterone tend to become more fragile over the years.

The findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, add to evidence linking testosterone loss with health problems in older people. But it is not known what can be done.

“It is too early to recommend hormone therapy,” he told Reuters Health Zoe Hyde of the University of Western Australia in Perth.

“We need larger studies to see if testosterone can prevent or treat frailty and evaluate the benefits and risks of therapy,” he said.

Testosterone helps men to maintain bone density, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells.

Their levels naturally decline with age and previous studies have linked low levels in older men with diabetes, depression, broken bones and even a reduction in life expectancy.

But so far, the investigations reached conflicting results as to whether the uses of testosterone in older men improve their physical performance.

Some have found that testosterone, oral or skin patch, for example, increases muscle mass in these men and reduces body fat, but without improving mobility, strength or overall performance.

Hyde’s team assessed the fragility and testosterone levels in 3616 men between 70 and 88 years and could reevaluate 1586 between four and seven years later.

In the first evaluation, 15 percent were fragile, that is, had at least three of five signs of deteriorating health: chronic fatigue, difficulty climbing stairs without pause, difficulty walking more than a block, more than five major diseases such as diabetes, heart problems or arthritis, or unintentional loss of more than 5 percent weight in years.

In general, men had a testosterone level below the average of the participants tended to be more fragile.

However, the results do not prove that the depressed level of testosterone cause fragility.

“We can never be certain of causality,” said Hyde. Men with certain diseases would suffer a reduction of testosterone before symptoms appear.

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